Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 14th

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 ("the Sendai Framework") was one of three landmark agreements adopted by the United Nations in 2015. The other two being the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030 and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The UNDRR/ISC Sendai Hazard Definition and Classification Review Technical Report supports all three by providing a common set of hazard definitions for monitoring and reviewing implementation which calls for "data revolution, rigorous accountability mechanisms and renewed global partnerships".

Coronavirus

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID - 19) Situational Report - 31 July 2020

Economies slump as coronavirus cases reach 17 million globally

Australia

Flooding, wind and torrential rain wreak havoc on Australia's east coast

Calls to declare Wamberal Beach erosion a natural disaster

Bahamas

Bahamas braces for Hurricane Isaias

Bangladesh

A Quarter of Bangladesh Is Flooded. Millions Have Lost Everything

Brazil

Dengue cases up 200% in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Canada

Quebec's extreme weather continues with flash flood and three tornadoes this week alone

Croatia

Firefighters Respond to 41 Emergency Calls as Hail Storm Hits Zagreb

Europe

Heatwave adds to health alert as Europe masks up to prevent COVID

France

Soaring temperatures bring on wildfire in France

India

Assam Floods: Over 120 Dead, 26.38 Lakh People Affected In 27 Districts

Japan

Nearly 2500 people evacuate as record rainfall hits northern Japan, triggering floods and landslides

Mexico

Mexico flooding: Tropical depression Hanna drenches north

Nigeria

Flood in Abuja: Gwagwalada, Suleja flood kill pipo, sweep houses afta heavy rain fall for parts of Nigeria capital city

Portugal

Portugal declares state of alert over wildfires

South Korea

Deadly floods hit South Korea's central and southern regions

United States of America

Hurricane Hanna: Flood threat remains despite weakening

Dam Fire Burns 240 Acres In Angeles National Forest Area North Of Azusa

Other items of interest:

Webinar: North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones - do catastrophe models sufficiently represent "the storms of the future"? - 6 August

Europe | Forest Fires 1 January - 21 July 2020

Call for contributing papers: The UN Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022

WHO: Strengthening preparedness for COVID-19 in cities and urban settings: interim guidance for local authorities

WHO: Practical actions in cities to strengthen preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

Cambodia: Flood risk for 1 million in Phnom Penh as wetlands destroyed

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 18th - 24th July 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 18th - 24th July 2020

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

WHO COVID-19 Situation Report - 23 July

Global COVID-19 cases now total over 15 million

Coronavirus: WHO reports record single-day global increase in cases

Bangladesh

Millions of Bangladeshis affected as flood crisis deepens

Cambodia

Mysterious outbreak that put 168 in hospital identified as chikungunya

China

At least 141 dead or missing, millions evacuated in China floods

China blows up dam as death toll from flooding continues to rise

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Landslide in DRC leaves at least 8 people dead

Western DRC Ebola cases now up to 60

Greece

Forest fire rages in Greece's Peloponnese for second day

India

Over 140,000 displaced as floods continue in Assam

Severe thunderstorm kills 3 in Jammu and Kashmir, causes major damage and power outage in north India

Death toll in landslide rises to 10

Indonesia

More Fatalities After Floods and Landslides in West Papua and Southeast Sulawesi

Italy

Sardinia sees worst locust attack in 70 years

Extreme, record rains lead to deadly floods and massive disruption in Sicily

Stromboli Volcano Suddenly Explodes Again Without Warning

Iran

Heavy rain and flooding continues across Iran

Mexico

Powerful explosion at Popocatepetl, heavy ash to 7.3 km

Mongolia

Flash floods cause deaths and widespread damage

Nepal

Huge landslide sweeps away at least 19 houses in Lamjung

Over 60 dead, 41 missing in floods, landslides

New Zealand

Floods and Landslides in Northland After Storm Dumps 250mm of Rain

Pakistan

20 killed in rain-related incidents in Pakistan's Punjab province

Russia

Massive wildfires in Siberia fueled by record heat

Singapore

3 more people die as dengue outbreak worsens in Singapore

Somalia

Some 37,000 people affected by flash floods in Somalia

United States of America

Northern California wildfires burn 23,000 acres, prompting evacuations

40 Of Colorado's 64 Counties Are In Severe To Extreme Drought

Alaska earthquake: Tsunami warning issued after 7.8-magnitude tremor hits

Vietnam

Floods, landslides kill five in northern Vietnam

Other items of interest:

Virtual Launch: UNDRR & ISC - Understanding hazards: launch of new scientific report on hazards definition for the Sendai Framework - Wednesday 29 July

Webinar: UN-Habitat - Health and Equity through Multi-Level Governance - Monday 27 July

IUCN Standard to boost impact of nature-based solutions to global challenges

Strengthening the global effort on COVID-19 research through joint principles for funding global research in epidemics and pandemics

Working with informality for more resilient, equitable responses to COVID-19

The impact of COVID-19 on acute food insecurity across crisis-affected countries

When COVID19 and natural hazards collide: Building resilient infrastructure in South Asia in the face of multiple crises

Earth faces plastic pollution disaster

The mediating effect of community leadership on community resilience elements and community preparedness

Participatory mapping 2.0: new ways for children's participation in disaster risk reduction

Arctic Region | Overview of Wildfires January to July 2020

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 11th - 17th July 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 11th - 17th July 2020

Coronavirus

WHO COVID -19 Situational Report - 16 July

Coronavirus global report: restrictions return around world as cases pass 13 million

Armenia

Icebergs and flooded roads after unprecedented hailstorm hits Gyumri

Bangladesh

Over a million villagers marooned, displaced in Bangladesh amid heavy flooding

Brazil

Thousands Displaced as Rivers Overflow in Rio Grande Do Sul

Colombia

Thousands Affected by Flooding After Weeks of Rain

India

Floods and Rain Affect 300,000 in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh

Indonesia

At least 15 dead, 4,000 affected as flash floods sweep through South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Italy

Two dead as severe storm ravages Palermo

Japan

Thousands flee as heavy rain lashes Japan

Laos

Laos reports 113 new cases of dengue fever

Malaysia

Flash floods hit five villages in Malaysia's Negeri Sembilan state

Mexico

2 Dead as Heavy Rain Triggers Landslides and Floods in Oaxaca

Mongolia

Forest fires put out in Inner Mongolia

Nepal

Dozens Dead or Missing After Heavy Rain Triggers Floods and Landslides

Russia

Hurricane-force winds wreak havoc in parts of western Russia, leaving 52 000 without power

South Korea

Deadly Flash Floods After 277mm of Rain in South Gyeongsang

Thailand

Thailand reports 2600 additional dengue cases in the past week, 5 more deaths

Turkey

Four dead in north eastern Turkey flash flood

Yemen

Locust invasion in Yemen stokes food insecurity fears

Other items of interest:

Masterclass: Developing an effective Heat Health Action Plan for your city - 21 July

Webinar: COVID-19 Exemplars: The Power of Positive Outliers, and What We Can Learn from Their Success - 20 July

Webinar: Know your enemy - using data to tackle COVID-19 - 22 July

United Nations comprehensive response to COVID-19: Saving lives, protecting societies, recovering better

Strengthening the global effort on COVID-19 research

Working with informality for more resilient, equitable responses to COVID-19

When crises converge: Responding to natural disasters in South Asia during Covid-19

Making the case for governance

How does advanced technology save lives in China's flood-prone areas?

National Adaptation Plans - An entrypoint for ecosystem-based adaptation

Critiquing and joining intersections of disaster, conflict, and peace research

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 4th - 20th July 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 4th - 10th July 2020

Coronavirus

COVID 19 WHO Situational Report - 9th July 2020

WHO Marks Six Months Since the Beginning of the COVID-19 Outbreak

Brazil

Cyclone Kills 9, Causes Floods and Damage in Southern Brazil

Canada

Landslide in Shuswap Wipes Out Water Connection to 500 people

Flash Flooding, Hydro Outages Reported as Severe Weather Hits Toronto

China

19 Dead or Missing Nationwide as a result of Rainstorms

At least 7 Missing and 6 Trapped after a Landslide in Songtao County

China's Inner Mongolia Region Reports 3 sites Infected with Bubonic Plague

Greece

Hundreds of Children Evacuated from Summer Camp due to Forest Fire

India

7 Killed in Season's First Monsoon Rain in Karachi

Japan

At Least 50 Deaths Confirmed Due to Heavy Floods and Landslides in Southwestern Japan

Laos

Dengue Cases Double Since May

Mongolia

Floods Leave 8 Dead, 2,300 Homes Damaged

Nepal

At Least 10 Killed, 30 Missing in Nepal Landslides

Deadly Floods in Gandaki and Bagmati Provinces

Pakistan

At least 6 dead, and Buildings Collapsed After Heavy Rainfall in Karachi

Puerto Rico

Worsening Drought Forces State of Emergency in Puerto Rico

Thailand

Pattaya paralyzed by major flash flood after heavy thunderstorm

Ukraine

Four Killed, 110 homes Destroyed in Forest Fire in Eastern Ukraine

United States of America

Tree Falls During Thunderstorm Trapping 19 Including Children

Gilroy, Morgan Hill Wildfires Cover Nearly 1,400 acres, 10 Homes Evacuated

Tornado Kills 1, Injures 2 In Otter Tail County

Other items of interest:

UNEP: Preventing the next pandemic - Zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission

ESCAP: Protecting the most vulnerable to cascading risks from climate extremes & COVID-19

GNDR - Policy recommendations to governments at HLPF 2020

Conversations on Climate Challenges: Wildfire Policy and Public Health

Internal displacement in the context of the slow-onset adverse effects of climate change

Rising Above Adversity: Community-Led Climate Adaptation Along Bangladesh's Coastal Belt

Building Sustainable Resilience for Sub-Saharan Africa's Urban Era

Managing Extreme Heat During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 27th June - 3rd July 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin - 27th June - 3rd July 2020

Coronavirus

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) Situational Report - 2 July

Coronavirus: Global COVID-19 deaths pass half a million as North and South America struggle to overcome first wave

Austria

Avalanches in Austrian Alps kill at least six

Argentina

Argentina monitoring massive locust swarm

Bangladesh

7 killed in thunderbolt in four northern districts

Brazil

'Extratropical bomb cyclone' lashes southern Brazil, leaving at least 10 people dead and 1 million affected

Canada

Nearly 40 homes evacuated in municipality of Riverdale amid fears Rivers Dam will fail

China

Severe flooding affects more than 1 million in China's Hubei

Summer snowstorm kills nearly 500 livestock animals, strands hundreds of people in Xinjiang

Massive sandstorm blankets Hotan

India

24 killed, 1.3 million affected as flood hits 25 of 33 districts in Assam

Indonesia

Indonesia province declares state of emergency over forest fire risk

Massive landslide sweeps away mountain road in eastern Indonesia

Iran

Gas explosion at Iran medical clinic kills 19

Ireland

Huge mudslides devastate countryside in Leitrim

Finland

Severe summer storm P�iv� leaves more than 60,000 homes without power in parts of Finland

Malaysia

Over 1,000 Displaced by Floods in Sabah State

Myanmar

Death toll in Myanmar jade mine landslide rises to 162

Nepal

Eight million locusts have entered Nepal, consuming hundreds of hectares of crops

New Zealand

Tornadoes hit Auckland and Papamoa, leaving major structural damage

Nigeria

Buildings Damaged After Flash Floods in Ikorodu, Lagos

Pakistan

Rain, hailstorm damage crops, orchards in several districts

Poland

Hundreds evacuated amid flooding in southeast Poland

Puerto Rico

Severe Drought in Puerto Rico Prompts State of Emergency, Water Rationing

Russia

Wildfires in Siberia increase five-fold amid unprecedented heatwave

United States of America

Wildfire evacuations in the West, heat wave developing in the East

Severe storm brings damaging winds and hail to parts of New England, prompts rare flash flood emergency

Other items of interest:

Webinar: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic series - COVID-19: Responding, Re-opening and Recovery towards resilience of cities - Wednesday 8 July 2020

Webinar: IHRR Summer Seminar Series: Covid-19 food insecurity in small cities - Monday 13 July

Virtual event: Setting Science-Based Targets for Biodiversity in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals - Wednesday 8 July

Global Fund -Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on countries affected by HIV, tuberculosis and malaria

UN ESCAP - Protecting the most vulnerable to cascading risks from climate extremes and COVID-19

UNDRR - Shaping the European roadmap for Disaster Risk Reduction - 2021 Forum

We need to do better: Policy brief for enhancing laws and regulations to protect children in disasters

INFORM Report 2020 - Shared evidence for managing crises and disasters

Assessing the enabling environment for Disaster Risk Financing: A country diagnostics toolkit

Three things climate funds can learn from the COVID-19 response

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 20th - 26th June 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 20th - 26th June 2020

Coronavirus

WHO COVID-19 Situational report - 25th June 2020

Global coronavirus report: WHO warns of 'new and dangerous phase'

Global COVID-19 cases top 9.5 million; Europe reports uptick

Bolivia

Emergency Declared After Torrential Rain Floods Santa Cruz

Bosnia

Bosnia hit by heavy rain, flooding

China

Thousands evacuated due to heavy rain in Guizhou

World's largest dam in 'danger of collapse' amid historic floods - 400 million people at risk

Canada

20,000 claims of property damage after Northeast Calgary hailstorm

Damaging tornado touches down in southern Ontario

Slow-moving Old Fort landslide reactivates, forcing evacuations near Peace River, British Columbia

Caribbean

Massive Saharan dust cloud shrouds the Caribbean

Cote d'Ivoire

More Deadly Floods in Abidjan After 240mm of Rain in a Few Hours

Iceland

Intense earthquake swarm continues at Tjörnes Fracture Zone, Iceland

India

Lightning kills 107 as monsoon storms batter India

Three killed, thousands in relief camps due to floods in Assam, Arunachal

Japan

'Once-in-50-years' rainfall event hits Nagasaki

Malaysia

Over 900 people evacuated due to floods in Johor

Mexico

Six killed as earthquake hits Southern Mexico

Mongolia

2 killed and hundreds of homes damaged after floods in Tuv and Govisümber Provinces

At least 26 dead as flooding, torrential rain strikes Pakistan

Nepal

Landslide buries 4 vehicles in Palpa, 3 killed

Nicaragua

Heavy rain triggers gold mine collapse, killing 3 in northwest Nicaragua

Nigeria

Nearly 1 million pigs culled amid 'worst ever' swine fever outbreak in Nigeria

Philippines

Bago City evacuates 18 families as Mt. Kanlaon shows unrest

Romania

Flash flooding in 29 counties killed at least 3 and damaged hundreds of properties

Serbia

700 houses flooded in western and central Serbia

Turkey

5.4-magnitude earthquake hits eastern Turkey; 5 injured

Ukraine

3 killed; more than 300 towns and villages flooded in Western Ukraine

United States of America

2000 forced to evacuate as Arizona wildfire grows to 150,000 acres

Uruguay

Hundreds Evacuate After Storms and Flash Floods

Other items of interest:

Webinar: The Impact of COVID-19 in Prisons - 30 June

Webinar: South-South Cooperation Between Cities for Climate Change - 30 June

Invitation for inputs: WHO Academy Learning Strategy

UNDRR: Update from Mami Mizutori, UN Secretary-General's Special Representative

Evidence Aid COVID-19 Weekly Bulletin

World Bank: Learning from multi-hazard early warning systems to respond to pandemics

WMO launches E-learning platform for hazard alerts

The ‘triple dividend' of early warning systems: evidence from Tanzania's coastal areas

Tenth Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo declared over; vigilance against flare-ups and support for survivors must continue

Twinning Partnerships for Improvement (TPI): Recovery partnership preparation package: Building capacity to reactivate safe essential health services and sustain health service resilience

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 13th - 19th June 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 13th - 19th June 2020

Coronavirus

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) Situational Report - 18 June

Global coronavirus death toll exceeds 450,000

Canada

Massive storm hits Calgary with heavy hail damage, flooding

Huge forest fire wreaks havoc in Quebec - wall of smoke spreads

China

Thousands of tourists stranded due to heavy rain and mudslides

8.5 million people affected, 63 killed as intense downpours continue to pound southern China

Cote d'Ivoire

At least 13 killed in landslide in Ivory Coast's main city

Deadly Floods Hit Abidjan and South

Croatia

Natural disaster declared after deaths of more than 50 million bees, Croatia

Democratic Republic of Congo

Plague cluster reported in Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo

Greece

Severe hailstorm strikes Northern Greece

Honduras

Honduras - Floods and Landslides Leave 2 Dead, Thousands Affected

Hungary

Severe thunderstorm rips through capital Budapest

India

Massive tornado leaves behind trail of destruction in Odisha's Kendrapara

Deadly monsoon rain lashes Mumbai

Indonesia

Hundreds Evacuated After Floods in North Aceh

Nepal

Parbat landslide - death toll reaches eight

New Zealand

Emergency powers invoked amid worsening drought in Auckland, New Zealand

Nigeria

Flood destroys 100 houses, displaces 300 people in Akwa Ibom

Damaging Flash Floods Hit Lagos

Singapore

Singapore reports 1158 dengue cases - highest weekly total in 6 years

Thailand

Tropical Storm Nuri batters country over the weekend

Turkey

Days of heavy rain trigger deadly flash floods, damage 250 houses in Ankara

United Kingdom

Local businesses flooded and streets deluged as Altrincham hit by storm

United States of America

Thousands evacuated from Arizona wildfires

Other items of interest:

Webinar: Risk KAN: Compound Events - 30 June 2020

Global Policy Watch Briefing: COVID-19 and the SDGs

UNDRR COVID-19 Brief - Planning for climate change during the COVID-19 crisis: the role of humanitarian and disaster risk management actors

Building Emergency Planning Scenarios for Viral Pandemics - UCL-IRDR Covid-19 Observatory

Acting early in times of a pandemic: The challenge of staying ready for extreme-weather events during COVID-19

GFDRR/World Bank Disaster recovery guidance series: Social protection and disaster recovery

UNDP gender and recovery toolkit: Advancing gender equality and women's empowerment in crisis and recovery settings

When does response end and recovery begin? Exploring preparation and planning to support community's resilient recovery

World Bank Group: Adaptive social protection: Building resilience to shocks

Drivers and barriers of adaptation initiatives - how societal transformation affects natural hazard management and risk mitigation in Europe

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 6th - 12th June 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 6th - 12th June 2020

Coronavirus

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) Situational Report - 11 June

WHO warns of accelerating Covid-19 infections in Africa

Brazil

Dengue cases up 771% in Cruzeiro do Sul in the state of Acre

China

Hundreds of thousands displaced in deadly China flooding

Czech Republic

Czech Republic flash flooding leaves at least one person dead as dozens rescued

Ecuador

Ecuador volcano eruption leaves several cities covered in ash

France

Dozens Rescued After Flash Floods in Corsica

Ghana

Accra floods kill one and leaves residents displaced after heavy rainfall

India

Swarms of locusts arrive in Sangam city, moving towards Kaushambi

Mongolia

Severe sandstorm sweeps through Dundgobi, Mongolia

Mexico

Heavy rains and hail lead to severe flooding in Mexico City

Pakistan

At Least 7 Killed in Flash Floods in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Russia

Russian Arctic oil spill pollutes big lake near Norilsk

Spain

Hailstorm in Spain causes 6 million euros worth damage

United States of America

Storm Cristobal Brings Flooding Along Gulf Coast

Hundreds of Thousands Without Power After High Winds Scour Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania

Evacuations underway as wildfire spreads near Lake Piru in Ventura County

Vietnam

Vietnam experiences lengthy heatwave

Other items of interest:

Webinar: WHO/WWF/CBD: Protect and Preserve Nature, the Source of Human Health - 17 June 2020

Webinar: Exchange of private sector good practices in preparedness and prevention in the light of COVID -19 - 18 June 2020

Webinar: Risk-KAN: Past climate change and extreme events - 18 June 2020

Survey: Test of Contents - UNESCO's 'KNOW Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)' Mobile Application

Emerging data suggest COVID-19 is driving up hunger in vulnerable countries

GEM: Mapping COVID19 cases against earthquake risk

Gender and age inequality of disaster risk

Financing for climate adaptation - an overview of current regimes

Protection of seagrasses key to building resilience to climate change, disasters - new UN report

Economics of climate adaptation: Identifying cost-effective adaptation measures to climate change

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 30th May - 5th June 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 30th May - 5th June 2020

Coronavirus

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) Situational Report - 4 June

Global coronavirus cases top 6.5 million

Chile

Chile earthquake: 6.8 magnitude tremor hits southwest of San Pedro de Atacama

China

Record rains cause widespread disruption, trigger hundreds of landslides in Yunnan

Democratic Republic of Congo

Democratic Republic of Congo declares new Ebola outbreak

Ethiopia

Landslide claims 10 lives in Ethiopia as number of flood-affected people rises to 470,000

El Salvador

Tropical Storm Amanda kills 17 people in El Salvador and Guatemala

Honduras

3 Dead After Floods and Landslides in Wake of Storm Amanda

India

Severe storms kill 43, cause damage to Taj Mahal in Uttar Pradesh, India

21 killed in landslides in Assam

Cyclone Nisarga kills 6; heavy showers lash Mumbai

Indonesia

High Tide Floods in Central Java, Heavy Rainfall in West Papua

Mexico

Tropical Storm Cristobal Triggers Floods in South

Norway

Major Landslide Destroys 8 Homes in Northern Norway

Oman

Deadly flash flooding hits Dhofar, Oman

Russia

Russia declares state of emergency after major Arctic Circle oil spill

Tornado with gale-force winds and hail rips through Belgorod, Russia

United Kingdom

Fire Service in Northern Ireland fights 114 gorse and wildfires in 48 hours

United States of America

At least 3 dead, more than 500,000 without power as rare derecho rips through mid-Atlantic, U.S.

Nearly 87,000 lightning strikes detected during 'once in a decade storm' in Washington

Yemen

Flooding leaves 16 dead in Yemen

Other items of interest:

Webinar: UNDRR GETI, DESA and UNOSD - Ensuring Resilience, Accelerating Progress - Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on the SDGs - 10 June

Call for Papers: Journal of Progress in Disaster Science Special Issue: Reviewing Five Year Progress of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2020)

WHO - Multi-sectoral preparedness coordination framework: Best practices, case studies and key elements of advancing multisectoral coordination for health emergency preparedness and health security

UNDRR - Applying lessons from COVID-19 prevention and risk reduction to build a sustainable and resilient world

Opinion: The known and the unknown economic and social consequences of pandemics

Informal home care providers: the forgotten healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Compound climate risks in the COVID-19 pandemic

Economic studies, health emergencies, and COVID-19

South Asia confronts a double disaster: Cyclone and COVID-19

COPE Children's Disaster Book Series: COVID-19

Global hotspots for coastal ecosystem-based adaptation

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 23rd - 29th May 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 23rd - 29th May 2020

Coronavirus

WHO COVID-19 Situation Report - 28 May

Confirmed coronavirus cases approach 6 million globally

COVID-19 cases surge in the Americas

Australia

Western Australia hit by 'once-in-a-decade' storm

Rare tornado rips through Geelong, damaging more than 100 homes, Australia

Central African Republic

Three Missing After Flash Floods in Bangui

China

China reports African swine fever outbreak in Gansu province

Cuba

Heavy rains and damaging tornado hit central Cuba

Ethiopia

Heavy Rain Triggers Deadly Landslide in South

Honduras

At Least 2 Dead After More Severe Weather

India

Days of extremely heavy rains trigger floods and landslides, affecting 30,000

India under worst locust attack in nearly 30 years

India's Northeast hit by the African Swine Fever

Indonesia

More than 30,000 affected by flooding in East Kalimantan

Iran

Iran faces worst locust plague in 50 years

Quake Damages Buildings, Injures Several People

Israel

Historic heatwave expected to cause millions' worth of damage to crops in Israel

Italy

Explosive activity at Etna volcano, Aviation Colour Code briefly raised to Red

Kenya

Flood death toll rising - 285 dead, more than 800,000 affected

Nicaragua

Severe flooding hits Nicaragua

Russia

Hurricane-force winds and heavy rains wreak havoc across Yekaterinburg -at least 3 dead

Turkey

Turkey's eastern provinces hit by disruptive snowstorm and strong winds

United Arab Emirates

Deadly Flash Floods in Sharjah

United States

Record heavy rains trigger severe flooding in Florida

Other items of interest:

WHO Manifesto for a healthy recovery from COVID-19

Global partnership urges stronger preparation for hot weather during COVID-19

Editorial: Early warning systems for pandemics: Lessons learned from natural hazards

What a week's disasters tell us about climate and the pandemic

IASC COVID-19 Guidance: How to include marginalized and vulnerable people in risk communication and community engagement

To strengthen climate resilience, countries must strengthen economic resilience

'Build back better' approach to disaster recovery - research trends since 2006

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 16th - 22nd May 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 16th - 22nd May 2020

Coronavirus

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) Situational Report - 21 May

Global coronavirus cases surpass 5 million, Johns Hopkins data shows

COVID-19: Poor sanitation puts a quarter of the world's population at risk

Algeria

Damaging Floods in Oran and Mostaganem Provinces

Bangladesh

Super-cyclone Amphan kills up to 20 people

Bulgaria

Outbreak of Q fever in the midst of coronavirus pandemic

China

4 killed, 23 injured in magnitude 5 earthquake in southwestern China

Cote D'Ivoire

Floods in Duékoué Department

Democratic Republic of Congo

Hundreds Homeless After Kasai River Floods in Mai-Ndombe Province

Ecuador

Deadly Floods in Morona Santiago

Indonesia

Rare tornado hits Sumatra, killing 2 people and damaging 245 homes

India

West Bengal: 72 lives lost in Cyclone Amphan

Pakistan

Mudslide kills six in Buner, Bajaur

Sri Lanka

2 More Fatalities as Thousands Affected by Floods and Landslides in Rathnapura

Taiwan

Heavy rain causes power outages, traffic disruptions in Taiwan

Uganda

8 Dead After More Floods in Kasese

United States of America

High winds push wildfire in southern Utah to roughly 350 acres

10 000 forced to evacuate amid 'catastrophic dam failures' in central Michigan

Other items of interest:

Webinar: Better Health Programme COVID-19 Sharing Session: Outbreak Response - Translating Evidence and Policy Across Contexts - Thursday 28th May

Webinar: Use Versus Protection: Data in the Balance During COVID-19 - Friday 29^th May

WMO Updating Guidelines on Multi-Hazard Impact-Based Forecast and Warning Services

Indexing risk to recover from COVID-19

Lessons Learned Bulletin on Pandemic Measures and Chemical Process Safety

How to integrate Indigenous Peoples' culture and traditions into disaster risk management

Less fuel for the fire: wildfire mitigation through hazardous fuels reduction

Water and migration: A global overview

3 steps to scaling up nature-based solutions for climate adaptation

JRC science for policy report: Climate change impacts and adaptation in Europe

A Likert scale-based model for benchmarking operational capacity, organizational resilience, and Disaster Risk Reduction

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 9th - 15th May 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 9th - 15th May 2020

COVID-19

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) Situational Report - 14 May

European countries begin easing coronavirus restrictions as nations emerge from lockdown

Coronavirus could deliver $8.8 trillion hit to global economy

Afghanistan

Severe flooding in Afghanistan - 600 homes destroyed and 3,000 damaged

Burundi

10,000 Displaced by Floods Since Late April

China

Wuhan to test all residents for coronavirus after new cases emerge

Colombia

Landslide Destroys Homes in Narino

Democratic Republic of Congo

Hundreds Homeless After Floods in Maniema

Ethiopia

At least 12 killed in central Ethiopia landslide

Guatemala

3 Dead After Heavy Rain Causes Landslides and Floods

India

Twenty-nine people killed in hailstorm, rains in 15 districts of UP

Massive dust storm barrels through Delhi, India

Indonesia

Flash flood and landslide in Central Aceh and West Java

Iran

Casualties reported after 5.1 earthquake hits Iran

Kenya

Floods Hit North and Central Regions as Death Toll Rises to 237

Mexico

Two killed, vehicles overturned when terrestrial waterspout hits Monterrey

Severe storms spawn damaging tornadoes and hail in northern Mexico

Philippines

Tens of thousands under lockdown evacuate as Typhoon Vongfong strikes Philippines

Rwanda

Destructive floods and mudslides claim 72 lives in Rwanda

Somalia

Mogadishu hit by a month's worth of rain in 24 hours, killing 7

United States of America

Thousands flee as wildfire continues to rage in Florida Panhandle, U.S.

High winds knock out power to thousands

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan sees floods in Syr Darya

Other items of interest:

Webinar: Planning for Climate Change during COVID-19 crisis - Thursday 21 May

UN Secretary General launches COVID-19 Mental Health Policy Brief

UNFCCC prepares key reports and a forum on financing for nature-based solutions

UNEP's COVID-19 response: Working with the environment to protect people

IOM and the Sendai Framework: A global review of IOM's contributions to strengthening disaster resilience

Cities for a Resilient Recovery: International Lessons on recovery from COVID-19

Law and policies that protect the most vulnerable against climate-related disaster risks

PLACARD Adapting to extremes: Key insights for bridging climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in the European Green Deal

Will resilience be the buzz word for the COVID-19 recovery?

SDSN TReNDS - Leaving no one off the map

Loss and Damage and limits to adaptation: recent IPCC insights and implications for climate science and policy

COVID-19 and the nature-health-nexus

East Africa faces triple crisis of COVID-19, locusts and floods

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 2nd - 7th May 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 2nd - 7th May 2020

Coronavirus

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) Situational Report - 6 May

Global coronavirus cases surpass 3.5m as countries ease lockdowns

Coronavirus cases in Africa surpass 50,000

Afghanistan

Flash floods damage or destroy thousands of homes in northern Afghanistan

Australia

Violent storm hits Western Australia, leaving tens of thousands without power

Democratic Republic of Congo

Lake Albert overflows, damaging or destroying hundreds of homes

Plague cases reported again in DRC

India

Vizag: 10 dead, over 5,000 fall sick after styrene gas leak

Snow avalanche near Zoji La pass

Indonesia

Major floods submerge 22,000 homes in West Java, Indonesia

Three dead, 4 injured in Indonesia landslide

France

French Guiana - Floods Prompt Evacuations After Heavy Rain

Kenya

Kenya floods kill 194 people, displace tens of thousands

Kyrgyzstan

Large mudflow causes severe damage in Isfana, Kyrgyzstan

Liberia

Dozens killed in north western Liberia mudslide

Niger

Massive dust storm engulfs capital city of Niger

Panama

Deadly landslides in Panama result in house damage and fatalities

Puerto Rico

Structural damage after shallow M5.4 aftershock hits southern Puerto Rico

Rwanda

Heavy rains cause deadly floods and landslides across Rwanda

Saudi Arabia

Severe hailstorm blankets Abha, Saudi Arabia

Somalia

Floods kill 16 in Somalia, affect over 200000 others

Uganda

Floods in western Uganda kills at least four, displaces 5000

United States of America

Wildfires in Florida panhandle force hundreds to evacuate

Derecho causes widespread damage and power outages in Nashville

Uzbekistan

More than 75,000 evacuated after dam failure leads to severe flooding in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan

Venezuela

Landslide causes fatal mine collapse on the outskirts of El Callao Municipality

Other items of interest:

Webinar: Integrating the 2030 Agenda into national plans and strategies: Considering COVID-19 response and recovery - Tuesday 12^th May & Thursday 14^th May

Webinar: Impact of COVID-19 on child poverty in Africa and beyond - Thursday 14^th May

UNDRR - Cutting through the COVID-19 "Infodemic"

UNDP - COVID-19 and human development: Exploring global preparedness & vulnerability

IFRC/WHO/UNICEF - COVID-19 global response: Risk Communication & Community Engagement

COVID-19 in fragile settings: Ensuring a conflict-sensitive response

Common ground between the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework

Reducing the risk of protracted and multiple disaster displacements in Asia-Pacific

UNDRR Highlights: Africa Regional Assessment Report 2020

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 25th April - 1st May 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 25th April - 1st May 2020

Coronavirus

WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) Situation Report - 30 April

Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases passes 3 million worldwide

Czech Republic

Czech Republic facing catastrophic drought- the country's worst in 500 years

Ethiopia

Intense rains trigger deadly flash floods in Ethiopia and Somalia, 83 000 displaced

Fiji

Fiji - Floods Hit Central Division After Heavy Rainfall

India

Himachal Pradesh: 4.0 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Chamba Region

Severe hailstorms wreak havoc across India, destroy homes and crops

Indonesia

High intensity rain triggers flooding in parts of Aceh, Central Kalimantan

Iran

Huge sandstorm hits central Iran

Kenya

116 people killed during ongoing floods

Laos

Laos - 3 Dead, 4 Missing After Flash Floods in North

Malaysia

Communities Cut Off After Floods and Landslides in Sarawak

Over 100 homes hit by flash floods

Mexico

Mexico measles outbreak

Morocco

Widespread, devastating floods hit Morocco

Russia

Ebeko volcano covers Severo-Kurilsk in ash

Rwanda

Three killed, three injured following heavy rains in Rwanda

Saudi Arabia

Heavy rains trigger floods in Najran, Saudi Arabia

Somalia

Flash floods leave at least 6 dead, 7 missing in Puntland

Tanzania

Two killed, 50 houses washed away by floods in northern Tanzania

Ukraine

'Bad news': radiation 16 times above normal after forest fire near Chernobyl

United States of America

Locals roads flooded as Northeast winds, rain overflow banks

Uzbekistan

Gusts kill one, injure 30 people in south-central Uzbekistan

Vietnam

Five dead as flashfloods, landslides hit northern Vietnam

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe reports surge of malaria cases

Other items of interest:

Webinar: Strengthening Science and Technology and Addressing Inequalities in the COVID-19 era - Tuesday 6^th May

Webinar: Tools for business continuity in the era of COVID-19: how businesses could prepare for reopening? - Wednesday 7^th May

Health emergency and Disaster Risk Management: Five years into implementation of the Sendai Framework

IJDRS Special Issue: Five Years of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

WHO - Strengthening preparedness for COVID-19 in cities and urban settings

UNDRR Asia-Pacific Brief: Combating the dual challenges of climate-related disasters and COVID-19

UNDRR Dialogue - COVID-19 Pandemic: Towards the comprehensive management of DRR in the Americas and Caribbean

COVID-19 community stabilization and sustainability framework

Bridging cybersecurity and Disaster Risk Reduction: Working paper

Costs and benefits of (in)coherence: Disaster Risk Reduction in the post-2015-agendas

IDMC Global Report on Internal Displacement (2020)

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 18th - 24th April 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 18th - 24th April 2020

COVID-19

Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports

Confirmed COVID-19 cases top 2.5 million worldwide

Singapore sees surge in COVID-19 cases as numbers rise by 1,037 in 24 hours

Europe sees in decline in new infections - downward trend continues in Spain and Italy

Afghanistan

Severe flooding in Afghanistan - 600 homes destroyed and 3,000 damaged

Angola

At least 11 dead, 13 Missing After Floods in Luanda Province

Burkina Faso

IDP Camps Flooded in Kongoussi

Burundi

Burundi - 9 Dead, Thousands Affected After Floods and Landslides

Canada

More than a month's worth of rain in 6 hours hits New Caledonia

Chile

Historic drought in Chile enters 10th year

China

Severe hailstorm strikes Guizhou causing property damage and power outages

Colombia

Fatal flash floods hit Cauca Department

Cuba

Cuba breaks its all-time temperature record

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Massive floods in South Kivu impact 80,000 people, kill dozens

Djibouti

Widespread flooding hits Djibouti after more than six months' worth of rain in hours

Indonesia

Four Dead, 3 Missing After Floods in West Java and Central Kalimantan

Italy

Mount Etna in Italy Erupts

Japan

Powerful earthquakes jolt Japan

Kenya

Heavy rains cause flash floods and landslides in western Kenya

Myanmar

Myanmar mudslide: over 50 people killed after incident at jade mine

Poland

Wildfires rip through Poland's biggest national park

Rwanda

Heavy rain triggers landslides in Rwanda, leaving 6 dead

Thailand

Thai dengue fever infections on the rise

United Kingdom

Scotland's dry weather sees 'aggressive' spread of wildfires

United States of America

Tornadoes and storms kill at least seven people across three states

Vietnam

At Least 3 Dead After Damaging Storms Hit Northern Provinces

Yemen

At least 7 killed, 85 injured in northern Yemen flash floods

Other items of interest:

Webinar: Data in the fight against Covid-19 - What do we learn? (29 April)

Webinar: Implications of COVID-19 for Public Health and the SDGs (27 April)

What COVID-19 tells us about the changing nature of disaster risk

Letter: Investing in prevention pays off and saves lives

The number of people affected by floods will double by 2030

PLACARD - Using stories and narrative to encourage action

World Bank - Collective action and trust in the age of coronavirus

Models and frameworks for assessing the value of disaster research

Bridging forecast verification and humanitarian decisions: A valuation approach for setting up action-oriented early warnings

UNECE Industrial Accidents Convention celebrates 20 years of pan-European cooperation to strengthen prevention, preparedness and response

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 11th - 17th April 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 11th - 17th April 2020

Coronavirus

WHO COVID-19 Situation Report - April 16

Worldwide Confirmed Coronavirus Cases Top 2 Million

Afghanistan

More Fatalities After Heavy Rain and Floods

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Southern Herzegovina Region Battles Wildfires

Canada

Strong winds, heavy rain prompt power outages across Quebec

Democratic Republic of Congo

Ebola resurgence in DRC as three new cases reported

Ecuador

Homes Destroyed by Floods in Quito

Greece

High winds kill thousands of migrating birds over Greece

Iceland

Iceland sees renewed volcanic activity in Reykjanes Peninsula after centuries

India

Heavy cyclonic storm lashes Guwahati, parts of Assam

Indonesia

Thousands Affected by Floods in Lamongan, East Java

Anak Krakatau volcano erupts, ash rises over 1,600 feet

Iran

Deadly Floods Continue in North and Central Provinces

Pakistan

Pakistan Hit By Heavy Rain and Flooding

Papua New Guinea

Landslide in Chimbu Province - At Least 10 Dead

Poland

African swine fever outbreak reported in western Poland

South Sudan

Yellow fever outbreak in South Sudan

Sri Lanka

Strong winds damage 245 homes in Puttalam

Thailand

Thousands of homes damaged as severe thunderstorms lash Thailand

Dangerous smog still choking northern provinces

Ukraine

Wildfires Raging in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone

Three New Wildfires Break Out Near Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

'Red level' of air pollution in Kiev after sandstorm and wildfires

United States

Dozens Are Killed as Tornadoes and Severe Weather Strike Southern States

Tornadoes in the South: 60+ tornadoes reported; power outages affect over 1 million

Record-breaking cold temperatures in U.S., heavy snow continues

Forest fire rages on in South Jersey, burns more than 1,000 acres

Yemen

Widespread flooding causes massive damage in Sana'a

Other items of interest:

Webinar: Earth Day 2020 and COVID-19. How are environmental and health crises linked?

Webinar: What does COVID-19 mean for the fight against climate change?

UNDRR Asia-Pacific COVID-19 Brief: Leave no One Behind in COVID-19 Prevention, Response and Recovery

The ESPREssO Action Database: Collecting and assessing measures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation

Implementing the Sendai Framework in Africa: progress against the targets (2015-2018)

Wat does COVID-19 have to do with nature? These 5 articles explain

Global coalition to accelerate COVID-19 clinical research in resource-limited settings

UNHCR: Gender-based violence prevention, risk mitigation and response during COVID-19

Tropical Cyclone Harold challenges disaster and public health management

Virus-hit Asian nations brace for double disasters as extreme weather looms

Measles risk: 117 million children may miss out on receiving vaccine as COVID-19 spreads

In East Africa: a race to outsmart locusts with drones and data

Paving the way towards gender responsiveness: An analysis of gender inclusion in ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

Protecting mangroves can prevent billions of dollars in global flooding damage every year

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 4th - 9th April 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 4th - 9th April 2020

Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports

Confirmed coronavirus cases top 1.5 million worldwide

China opens Wuhan after 76-day lockdown

Bangladesh

Coronavirus leaves millions in lockdown in Rohingya camps

China

Massive sandstorm engulfs Baicheng city

Forest fire in Sichuan

Colombia

Landslide in Santander Prompts Evacuations

Fiji

Reports of Injuries, Damaged Buildings from Cyclone Harold in Fiji

Greece

Thessaly declares state of emergency after days of severe weather

Indonesia

At Least 3 Dead, 2 Missing After Floods and Landslides in 3 Provinces

Norway

Record-breaking snowfall engulfs parts of Norway

Papua New Guinea

Severe floods leave more than 60,000 homeless in Papua New Guinea

Spain

Hailstorm batters Axarquia crops

Thailand

Hazardous smog in North

Tonga

Tropical Cyclone Harold strengthens to category 5

USA

Heavy Rain Triggers Hollywood Hills Mudslide

Wildfires rage across Maine

Vanuatu

Tropical cyclone Harold hits Vanuatu amid coronavirus state of emergency

Other items of interest

Call for Papers - COVID-19: strategic narratives in crisis communication

Podcast: Communicating climate risk and adaptation

Coronavirus fuels a surge in fake medicines

Citizen disaster science education for effective disaster risk reduction in developing countries

Integrating 'anticipatory action' in disaster risk management

Words into Action: Engaging Children and Youth in Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Building

UN calls for inclusion of domestic violence risk in disaster response to COVID-19

Enhancing national climate plans through nature-based solutions

Blue infrastructure finance: A new approach, integrating nature-based solutions for coastal resilience

Upscaling nature-based flood protection in Mozambique's cities: Lessons learnt from Beira

Social cohesion and willingness to pay for cyclone risk reduction: The case for the coastal embankment improvement project in Bangladesh

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 28th March - 3rd April 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 28th March - 3rd April 2020

Coronavirus

WHO COVID-2019 Situation Report - 2 April

More than a million confirmed cases of Covid-19 globally

At least 175 countries now have confirmed cases of Covid-19

Concern as COVID-19 cases accelerate in Africa

First COVID-19 case among indigenous people confirmed in the Amazon

Brazil

Brazil reports more than 1000 new COVID-19 cases in 24 hours

Canada

Massive hailstorm flashes through parts of North Vancouver

China

Huge forest fire kills 18 firefighters and one guide in China

Colombia

Colombia - Hundreds Displaced by Floods in Choco Department

India

Hailstorm Jolts Barak Valley: Lighting kills One in Cachar, Breeze Wrecks Havoc in Karimganj

Uttar Pradesh: Fire in Katarniaghat forest

Indonesia

One Dead, 50,000 Affected After More Floods in Bandung

Spain

Severe floods hit parts of eastern Spain after 4 months' worth of rain in 24 hours

Coronavirus: More than 10,000 lives lost in Spain

United States

Florida Wildfire Threat and Drought Increasing From a Record Hot, Dry March

Tornado rips through Arkansas city, injuring 22 people

Zambia

Zambia - Floods Continue in North

Other items of interest

UNDRR/WHO Webinar - Resilience of local governments: A multi-sectoral approach to integrate public health and disaster risk management -7 April

International Science Council Webinar: Transforming science communication for transformations to sustainability - 15 April

UNDRR Webinar - Leave No One Behind in COVID-19 - Prevention, Response and Recovery

UNESCO mobilizes 122 countries to promote open science and reinforced cooperation in the face of COVID-19

Building resilience against biological hazards and pandemics: COVID-19 and its implications for the Sendai Framework

Understanding the Covid-19 crisis: insights from risk management on choices, preferences and trade-offs

Working Paper: Pandemics and Violence Against Women and Children

Impact of COVID-19 on WMO Global Observing System

Multi-method evidence for when and how climate-related disasters contribute to armed conflict risk

Data tracking to tackle future pandemics via smartphones

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 21st - 27th March 2020

Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 21st - 27th March 2020

Coronavirus

WHO CoVid-19 Situation Reports

WHO Health Alerts through WhatsApp

Europe CoVid-19: the number of cases is rapidly increasing

Italian coronavirus deaths jump, dashing hopes the worst was over

US overtakes China with most cases

Coronavirus cases in Africa pass 2,400

Australia

Great Barrier Reef suffers third mass coral bleaching event in five years

Burundi

Heavy rainfall in Burundi leaves one dead and hundreds displaced

Croatia

Series of earthquakes jolt Croatian capital, Zagreb

Dubai

Dubai slammed by massive storm including lightening, hail and flooding

Fiji

Three dead in Fiji landslide

India

Two people killed in forest fire

Landslide kills 3 working on all-weather road

Indonesia

Indonesia's most active volcano, Mount Merapi erupts for the second time this month

Iran

12 killed, 17 injured as flash floods continue to plague Iran

Iraq

At least five dead, hundreds of homes severely damaged as major floods hit Iraq

Kenya

Kenya farmers brace for second onslaught of crop-devouring locusts

Papua New Guinea

Landslide in Papua New Guinea highlands buries 12 people

Eruption of Manam volcano sends plume of ash 3 kilometres high

Paraguay

Dengue outbreak in Paraguay, nearly 2000 cases reported

Spain

Spain's coronavirus death toll soars

United States

Tornado rips across Mississippi and Alabama

Vietnam

Mekong Delta struggles with worst drought ever

Yemen

Flooding caused by heavy rains in Aden kill two with continued rainfall predicted

Zambia

Over 700,000 people hit by floods

Other items of interest

Johns Hopkins University: Global Health Now - CoVid-19 Expert Reality Check

Coronavirus pandemic leading to huge drop in air pollution

Bushfire smoke linked to hundreds of deaths in Australia

How Australia's wilderness is recovering from wildfires

Why gender matters in the impact and recovery from CoVid-19

How to model a pandemic

A positive policy turn for people most vulnerable to drought worldwide

3 low-cost early warning systems that save lives in remote places

Building resilience against biological hazards and pandemics: CoVid-19 and its implications for the Sendai Framework

Training Course: Converge Cultural Competence in Hazards and Disaster Training Module (University of Colorado Boulder, Natural Hazards Center)

Back to menu Global Hazards Weekly Bulletin: 14th - 20th March 2020