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'Comparison' part in 4d Var. The ATOVS brightness temperature (radiance) observation and model observation made at t=7 are the following: Observation: 229.52 K brightness T 'Model' observation: 229.76 K brightness T Q: How should we adjust x(t=0) to be consistent with this observation? A: Find the gradient (with respect to each element of x(t=0)) of the cost function that includes this observation and adjust x(t=0) in the 'downhill' direction. Use the adjoint method ...