2013

Zhang, Q.-H., Zhang, B.-C., Lockwood, M., Hu, H.-Q., Moen, J. I., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Thomas, E.G., Zhang, S.-R., Yang, H.-G., Lui, R. Y., McWilliams, K. A. and Baker, J. B. H. (2013) Direct observations of the evolution of polar cap ionization patches. Science, 339 (6127). pp. 1597-1600. ISSN 1095-9203 doi: 10.1126/science.1231487

Zhang, Q.-H., Zhang, B.-C., Lockwood, M., Hu, H.-Q., Moen, J. I., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Thomas, E.G., Zhang, S.-R., Yang, H.-G., Lui, R. Y., McWilliams, K. A. and Baker, J. B. H. (2013) Direct observations of the evolution of polar cap ionization patches. Science. (In Press)

2012

Owens, M. J., Usoskin, I. and Lockwood, M. (2012) Heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays during grand solar minima: past and future variations. Geophysical Research Letters, 39 (19). L19102. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1029/2012GL053151

Lockwood, M., Owens, M., Barnard, L., Davis, C. and Thomas, S. (2012) Solar cycle 24: what is the sun up to? Astronomy and Geophysics, 53 (3). 3.09-3.15. ISSN 1366-8781 doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53309.x

Davis, C., Davies, J. A., Owens, M. and Lockwood, M. (2012) Predicting the arrival of high-speed solar wind streams at Earth using the STEREO Heliospheric Imagers. Space Weather, 10 (2). ISSN 1542-7390 doi: 10.1029/2011SW000737

Owens, M. and Lockwood, M. (2012) Cyclic loss of open solar flux since 1868: the link to heliospheric current sheet tilt and implications for the Maunder Minimum. Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics, 117 (A4). ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2011JA017193

Zhang, Q.-H., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Lavraud, B., Bogdanova, Y. V., Hasegawa, H., Yang, H.-G., Liu, R.-Y., Hu, H.-Q., Zhang, B.-C., Pu, Z.-Y., Yang, Z.-W., Wang, J., Taylor, M. G. G. T., Berchem, J., Constantinescu, D., Volwerk, M., Frey, H., Fazakerley, A. N., Shen, C., Shi, J.-K., Sibeck, D., Escoubet, P. and Wild, J. A. (2012) Inner plasma structure of the low-latitude reconnection layer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117 (A8). A08205. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2012JA017622

Lockwood, M. (2012) Solar influence on global and regional climates. Surveys in Geophysics, 33 (3-4). pp. 503-534. ISSN 1573-0956 doi: 10.1007/s10712-012-9181-3

Jones, G. S., Lockwood, M. and Stott, P. A. (2012) What influence will future solar activity changes over the 21st century have on projected global near-surface temperature changes? Journal of Geophysical Research, 117 (D5). D05103. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2011JD017013

2011

Harrison, R. G., Ambaum, M. P. H. and Lockwood, M. (2011) Cloud base height and cosmic rays. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 467 (2134). pp. 2777-2791. ISSN 1471-2946 doi: 10.1098/rspa.2011.0040

Barnard, L., Lockwood, M., Hapgood, M. A., Owens, M. J., Davis, C. J. and Steinhilber, F. (2011) Predicting space climate change. Geophysical Research Letters, 38. L16103. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1029/2011GL048489

Dunlop, M. W., Zhang, Q.-H., Bogdanova, Y. V., Lockwood, M., Pu, Z., Hasegawa, H., Wang, J., Taylor, M. G. G. T., Berchem, J., Lavraud, B., Eastwood, J., Volwerk, M., Shen, C., Shi, J.-K., Constantinescu, D., Frey, H., Fazakerley, A., Sibeck, D., Escoubet, P., Wild, J. A. and Liu, Z.-X. (2011) Extended magnetic reconnection across the dayside magnetopause. Physical Review Letters, 107 (2). 025004. ISSN 0031-9007 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.025004

Lockwood, M. and Owens, M. J. (2011) Centennial changes in the heliospheric magnetic field and open solar flux: the consensus view from geomagnetic data and cosmogenic isotopes and its implications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116 (A4). A04109. ISSN 2156-2202 doi: 10.1029/2010JA016220

Owens, M. J., Crooker, N. U. and Lockwood, M. (2011) How is open solar magnetic flux lost over the solar cycle? Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics, 116. A04111. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2010JA016039

Zhang, Q.-H., Zhang, B.-C., Liu, R.-Y., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Moen, J., Yang, H.-G., Hu, H.-Q., Hu, Z.-J., Liu, S.-L., McCrea, I. W. and Lester, M. (2011) On the importance of interplanetary magnetic field (By)on polar cap patch formation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116. A05308. ISSN 2156-2202 doi: 10.1029/2010JA016287

Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M., Barnard, L. and Davis, C. J. (2011) Solar cycle 24: implications for energetic particles and long-term space climate change. Geophysical Research Letters, 38. L19106. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1029/2011GL049328

Lockwood, M. (2011) Solar physics: shining a light on solar impacts. Nature Climate Change, 1 (2). pp. 98-99. ISSN 1758-678X doi: 10.1038/nclimate1096

Lockwood, M. (2011) Was UV spectral solar irradiance lower during the recent low sunspot minimum? Journal of Geophysical Research, 116. D16103. ISSN 2156-2202 doi: 10.1029/2010JD014746

Zhang, Q.-H., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Holme, R., Kamide, Y., Baumjohann, W., Liu, R.-Y., Yang, H.-G., Woodfield, E. E., Hu, H.-Q., Zhang, B.-C. and Liu, S.-L. (2011) The distribution of the ring current: Cluster observations. Annales Geophysicae, 29 (9). pp. 1655-1662. ISSN 0992-7689 doi: 10.5194/angeo-29-1655-2011

Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L., Davis, C. J. and Steinhilber, F. (2011) The persistence of solar activity indicators and the descent of the sun into Maunder Minimum conditions. Geophysical Research Letters, 38. L22105. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1029/2011GL049811

Lockwood, M., Harrison, R. G., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L., Woollings, T. and Steinhilber, F. (2011) The solar influence on the probability of relatively cold UK winters in the future. Environmental Research Letters, 6 (3). 034004. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034004

Barnard, L. and Lockwood, M. (2011) A survey of gradual solar energetic particle events. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116. A05103. ISSN 2156-2202 doi: 10.1029/2010JA016133

2010

Woollings, T., Lockwood, M., Masato, G., Bell, C. and Gray, L. (2010) Enhanced signature of solar variability in Eurasian winter climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 37. L20805. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1029/2010GL044601

Zhang, Q.H. , Dunlop, M.W., Lockwood, M., Liu, R.Y., Hu, H.Q., Yang, H.G., Hu, Z.J., Bogdanova, Y.V., Shen, C. , Zhang, B.C., Han, D.S., Liu, S.L., McCrea, I.W. and Lester, M. (2010) Simultaneous observations of reconnection pulses at Cluster and their effects on the cusp aurora seen at Chinese Yellow River Station. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115. A10237. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2010JA015526

Lockwood, M., Bell, C., Woollings, T., Harrison, R. G., Gray, L. J. and Haigh, J. D. (2010) Top-down solar modulation of climate: evidence for centennial-scale change. Environmental Research Letters, 5 (3). 034008. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/034008

Lockwood, M., Harrison, R. G., Woollings, T. J. and Solanki, S. K. (2010) Are cold winters in Europe associated with low solar activity? Environmental Research Letters, 5 (2). 024001. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024001

Rouillard, A. P., Davies, J. A., Lavraud, B., Forsyth, R. J., Savani, N. P., Bewsher, D., Brown, D. S., Sheeley, N. R., Davis, C. J., Harrison, R. A., Howard, R. A., Vourlidas, A., Lockwood, M., Crothers, S. R. and Eyles, C. J. (2010) Intermittent release of transients in the slow solar wind: 1. Remote sensing observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115. A04103. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2009JA014471

Rouillard, A. P., Lavraud, B., Davies, J. A., Savani, N. P., Burlaga, L. F., Forsyth, R. J., Sauvaud, J.-A., Opitz, A., Lockwood, M., Luhmann, J. G., Simunac, K. D. C., Galvin, A. B., Davis, C. J. and Harrison, R. A. (2010) Intermittent release of transients in the slow solar wind: 2. In situ evidence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115. A04104. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2009JA014472

Lockwood, M. (2010) Solar change and climate: an update in the light of the current exceptional solar minimum. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 466 (2114). pp. 303-329. ISSN 1364-5021 doi: 10.1098/rspa.2009.0519

Duplissy, J., Enghoff, M. B., Aplin, K. L., Arnold, F., Aufmhoff, H., Avngaard, M., Baltensperger, U., Bondo, T., Bingham, R., Carslaw, K., Curtius, J., David, A., Fastrup, B., Gagné, S., Hahn, F., Harrison, R. G., Kellett, B., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Laakso, L., Laaksonen, A., Lillestol, E., Lockwood, M., Mäkelä, J., Makhmutov, V., Marsh, N. D., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pedersen, E., Pedersen, J. O. P., Polny, J., Reichl, U., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Svensmark, H., Svensmark, J., Veenhof, R., Verheggen, B., Viisanen, Y., Wagner, P. E., Wehrle, G., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Wilhelmsson, M. and Winkler, P. M. (2010) Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10 (4 ). pp. 1635-1647. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: 10.5194/acp-10-1635-2010

Zhang, Q.-H., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Liu, R.-Y., Hu, H.-Q., Yang, H.-G., Hu, Z.-J., Bogdanova, Y. V., Shen, C., Zhang, B.-C., Han, D.-S., Liu, S.-L., McCrea, I. W. and Lester, M. (2010) Simultaneous observations of reconnection pulses at Cluster and their effects on the cusp aurora observed at the Chinese Yellow River station. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115 (A10237). ISSN 2156-2202 doi: 10.1029/2010JA015526

Lockwood, M. (2010) Solar induced climate effects. In: Meyers, R. A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer. ISBN 9780387894690 (In Press)

Gray, L. J., Beer, J., Geller, M., Haigh, J.D., Lockwood, M., Matthes, K., Cubasch, U., Fleitmann, D., Harrison, G., Hood, L. , Luterbacher, J. , Meehl, G.A. , Shindell, D. , van Geel, B. and White, W. (2010) Solar influences on climate. Reviews of Geophysics, 48 (RG4001). ISSN 8755-1209 doi: 10.1029/2009RG000282

2009

Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J. and Rouillard, A. P. (2009) Excess open solar magnetic flux from satellite data: 1. Analysis of the third perihelion Ulysses pass. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114. A11103. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2009JA014449

Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J. and Rouillard, A. P. (2009) Excess open solar magnetic flux from satellite data: 2. A survey of kinematic effects. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114. A11104. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2009JA014450

Lockwood, M. and Owens, M. J. (2009) The accuracy of using the Ulysses result of the spatial invariance of the radial heliospheric field to compute the open solar flux. The Astrophysical Journal, 701 (2). pp. 964-973. ISSN 0004-637X doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/964

Rouillard, A. P., Savani, N. P., Davies, J. A., Lavraud, B., Forsyth, R. J., Morley, S. K., Opitz, A., Sheeley, N. R., Burlaga, L. F., Sauvaud, J.-A., Simunac, K. D. C., Luhmann, J. G., Galvin, A. B., Crothers, S. R., Davis, C. J., Harrison, R. A., Lockwood, M., Eyles, C. J., Bewsher, D. and Brown, D. S. (2009) A multispacecraft analysis of a small-scale transient entrained by solar wind streams. Solar Physics, 256 (1-2). pp. 307-326. ISSN 0038-0938 doi: 10.1007/s11207-009-9329-6

Davis, C. J., Davies, J. A., Lockwood, M., Rouillard, A. P., Eyles, C. J. and Harrison, R. A. (2009) Stereoscopic imaging of an Earth-impacting solar coronal mass ejection: a major milestone for the STEREO mission. Geophysical Research Letters, 36. L08102. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1029/2009GL038021

Lockwood, M., Hairston, M., Finch, I. and Rouillard, A. (2009) Transpolar voltage and polar cap flux during the substorm cycle and steady convection events. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114 (A1). A01210. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2008JA013697

Cai, H.T., McCrea , I.W., Dunlop, M.W., Davies, J.A., Bogdanova, Y.V., Pitout, F., Milan, S.E., Lockwood, M. and Ma, S.Y. (2009) Cusp observations during a sequence of fast IMF B-Z reversals. Annales Geophysicae, 27 (7). pp. 2721-2737. ISSN 0992-7689 doi: 10.5194/angeo-27-2721-2009

Lockwood, M., Rouillard, A. P. and Finch, I. D. (2009) The rise and fall of open solar flux during the current grand solar maximum. The Astrophysical Journal, 700 (2). pp. 937-944. ISSN 0004-637X doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/937

Rouillard, A. P., Davies, J. A., Forsyth, R. J., Savani, N. P., Sheeley, N. R., Thernisien, A., Zhang, T.-L., Howard, R. A., Anderson, B., Carr, C. M., Tsang, S., Lockwood, M., Davis, C. J., Harrison, R. A., Bewsher, D., Fränz, M., Crothers, S. R., Eyles, C. J., Brown, D. S., Whittaker, I., Hapgood, M., Coates, A. J., Jones, G. H., Grande, M., Frahm, R. A. and Winningham, J. D. (2009) A solar storm observed from the Sun to Venus using the STEREO, Venus Express, and MESSENGER spacecraft. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114 (A7). A07106. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: 10.1029/2008JA014034

2008

Finch, I. D., Lockwood, M. L. and Rouillard, A. P. (2008) Effects of solar wind magnetosphere coupling recorded at different geomagnetic latitudes: Separation of directly-driven and storage/release systems. Geophysical Research Letters, 35 (21). L21105. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1029/2008GL035399

Rouillard, A. P., Davies, J. A., Forsyth, R. J., Rees, A., Davis, C. J., Harrison, R. A., Lockwood, M., Bewsher, D., Crothers, S. R., Eyles, C. J., Hapgood, M. and Perry, C. H. (2008) First imaging of corotating interaction regions using the STEREO spacecraft. Geophysical Research Letters, 35 (10). L10110. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: 10.1029/2008GL033767

Lockwood, M. (2008) Recent changes in solar outputs and the global mean surface temperature. III. Analysis of contributions to global mean air surface temperature rise. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 464 (2094). pp. 1387-1404. ISSN 1471-2946 doi: 10.1098/rspa.2007.0348

Lockwood, M. and Fröhlich, C. (2008) Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature. II. Different reconstructions of the total solar irradiance variation and dependence on response time scale. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 464 (2094). pp. 1367-1385. ISSN 1364-5021 doi: 10.1098/rspa.2007.0347

Ham, S.J. , Lee, H. , Lee, J.M., Kim, S.W., Richards, T. and Lockwood, M. (2008) Stray light analysis of SALEX instrument. In: Straka , S. A. (ed.) Optical system contamination: effects, measurements, and control 2008. Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) , 7069. SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA, L690. ISBN 9780819472892

Sullivan, J.M., Lockwood, M., Lanchester, B.S. , Kontar, E.P., Ivchenko, N. , Dahlgren, H. and Whiter, D.K. (2008) An optical study of multiple NEIAL events driven by low energy electron precipitation. Annales Geophysicae, 26. pp. 2435-2447. ISSN 0992-7689 doi: 10.5194/angeo-26-2435-2008